一、单作用叶片泵的工作原理
泵由转子1、定子2、叶片3、配油盘和端盖等部件所组成。定子的内表面是圆柱形孔。转子和定子之间存在着偏心。叶片在转子的槽内可灵活滑动,在转子转动时的离心力以及通入叶片根部压力油的作用下,叶片顶部贴紧在定子内表面上,于是两相邻叶片、配油盘、定子和转子间便形成了一个个密封的工作腔。当转子按逆时针方向旋转时,图右侧的叶片向外伸出,密封工作腔容积逐渐增大,产生真空,于是通过吸油口6和配油盘5上窗口将油吸入。而在图的左侧。叶片往里缩进,密封腔的容积逐渐缩小,密封腔中的油液经配油盘另一窗口和压油口1被压出而输出到系统中去。这种泵在转子转一转过程中,吸油压油各一次,故称单作用泵。转子受到径向液压不平衡作用力,故又称非平衡式泵,其轴承负载较大。改变定子和转子间的偏心量,便可改变泵的排量,故这种泵都是变量泵。
二、双作用叶片泵的工作原理
它的作用原理和单作用叶片泵相似,不同之处只在于定子表面是由两段长半径圆弧、两段短半径圆弧和四段过渡曲线八个部分组成,且定子和转子是同心的。在图示转子顺时针方向旋转的情况下,密封工作腔的容积在左上角和右下角处逐渐增大,为吸油区,在左下角和右上角处逐渐减小,为压油区;吸油区和压油区之间有一段封油区把它们隔开。这种泵的转子每转一转,每个密封工作腔完成吸油和压油动作各两次,所以称为双作用叶片泵。泵的两个吸油区和两个压油区是径向对称的,作用在转子上的液压力径向平衡,所以又称为平衡式叶片泵。
双作用叶片泵的瞬时流量是脉动的,当叶片数为4的倍数时脉动率小。为此,双作用叶片泵的叶片数一般都取12或16。
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